The Birth of 2019 Ftce General Knowledge Essay Topics

The Birth of 2019 Ftce General Knowledge Essay Topics Obviously, don't be discouraged about it, since if you've got great performances up until now, you've got great chances to be successful in the test too. By taking raw scores and converting them using a frequent scale, it will become simple to compare numerous kinds of a specific test. The FTCE series contains a wide-range of exams associated with specific educational topics together with exams linked to certain careers within the educational system. Most exams are only a single session. Otherwise, you could always start looking for a job which is more fulfilling for you, since now you've got an outstanding advantage, in the shape of the Mensa Test. Utilize FTCE practice exams that have exactly the same format as the true test. Then perhaps you might want to take the Mensa Test. You simply have to understand how to write for the test. It's possible to take at least one of the tests again. Therefore, the Mensa Test may also be a way to have a far superior opinion about yourself. Remember it is not a simple test, as it's made to discover the highest IQ scores. Holistic scoring sessions incorporate lots of distinct tasks, sets of procedures, and regions of focus. Participants aren't required to come to each session or stay for a whole session. Studies have found positive relationships between different domains of knowledge, suggesting that individuals that are highly knowledgeable in a specific domain normally have a superior long-term memory for factual data in general. Because of this, you want to concentrate on boosting your writing skills by your FTCE practice. Because of this, you gmt to concentrate on boosting your writing skills by your FTCE practice. Mention at least two strategies to prevent this danger. The Do's and Don'ts of 2019 Ftce General Knowledge Essay Topics Classroom Management is really the most crucial teaching strategy. Preparation is a fundamental portion of any important examination. Explain why you especially delight in a specific teacher. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Explain why some students are made to leave school as soon as they are sixteen. High school isn't free in Kenya. It's very beneficial to locate the use of the word in media, for instance, in movies, magazines. For instance, if you want to get involved in real estate, you study everything about the topic matter in details. As a way to be creative and advanced about ideas, you've got to have knowledge. Therefore, if you pass this one, you will know that it's a valid test, not enjoy the ones you'll be able to discover throughout the web. The Characteristics of 2019 Ftce General Knowledge Essay Topics Each is listed below, in addition to the Competencies that possess the maximum proportion of questions. Candidates will be requested to write on a subject of general interest. Professors ask students to compose the essay for students to show them the ir knowledge of the subject. Each set of ten questions covers a wide array of topics. Be sure to come up with FTCE focused essay writing skills however good of a writer you're. You are going to be able to acquire a great understanding on what things to anticipate. The very first step it to go for an intriguing word or a phrase you'd like to do a little bit of research about.

The Importance Of Organ Donation - 733 Words

Organ donation or transplant can save or improve other people lives. Organ donation will depends on donor agreement or their families. Therefore I am conducting the following qualitative research. Three groups were identified. I will use focus group due to its vital role of identifying peoples behaviors and attitudes and will provide a better understanding about the people experiences. In the school and university students groups it will be possible to meet and gather in a group meetings. I will collect the data through discussion and I will be able to encourage those to explore their understanding about organ donation. It will be group interaction and commenting on each other view. I will allow enough time for unanticipated answer which†¦show more content†¦Young students may be awarded small gifts however older participants may receive payments. With regard to the adult kidney transplant waiting-list patients it might be difficult to use the same method as above. It might be a difficulty in attending the focus groups due to their health issues. It might be inappropriate to share their experiences about their health issues in a focus group. I will use a semi structured face to face interview this method can provide reliable, comparable qualitative data. Those patient might be attending clinics or they are already inpatients sitting in the wards. The interview could be held either before they attend the clinic or after. If they were on the ward we could have the interview in one of the quiet rooms in the ward if it is possible. In semi structured face to face interview they will have enough time to talk and I will value their account. In this method of data collection we should avoid any priori assumption and use open –ended questions. No leading questions should be asked which only allow for Yes or No answers. Questio ns will be prepared in advance and this will help the interviewer to appear competent during the interview. We should follow the flow of the discussion but we should make sure that all topics are covered. The semi structured interview will achieve depth in the discussion and it is very useful to raise sensitive issues compared to focus group. Good listening, clear speaking and how to manage theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Organ Donation929 Words   |  4 Pageswaiting for an organ donation and every ten minutes another person is added to the waiting list. Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for transplantation to another person. Everyone should be an organ donor if you are able to because one donor can save eight lives, and the gift of life is the best gift you can give (Organ Donation Statistics). Although 95% of United States citizens support organ donations, only 54% are actually donors (Organ Donation Statistics).Read MoreImportance Of Organ Donation Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages2017 The Importance of Organ Donation While researching about organ donation, many articles brought forth the fact of how important organ donation is. This topic, however, is a big controversy among many people, especially families. Several articles, magazines, and previous research articles all share what organ donation really is and why it is important. By being a donor, you can save many lives in the end. My goal for this paper is to bring forth the importance of organ donation. Reasons toRead MoreImportance Of Organ Donation1094 Words   |  5 Pagesof them die because of the lack of donor organs? Still don’t care? What if among all the persons there is someone whom you know? I suppose now you care. I will introduce you the myths about organ donation, real facts and solutions. Let me introduce you first the definition of organ donation and some details of the history of donation. Organ donation is the process of providing an organ, organs, or partial organ to transplant into one or more people. Organ donors can be deceased or living. AccordingRead MoreImportance of Organ Donation2691 Words   |  11 PagesUnderstanding Transplantation A Brief History In 1954, a kidney was the first human organ to be transplanted successfully. Liver, heart, and pancreas transplants were successfully performed by the late 1960s, while lung and intestinal organ transplant procedures began in the 1980s.Until the early 1980s, the potential for organ rejection limited the number of transplants performed. Medical advances in the prevention and treatment of rejection led to more successful transplants and an increaseRead MoreOrgan Donation and its Importance1800 Words   |  8 Pages126,681 patients suffering waiting for that one special person to donate their organs or organ to them so that there life can be changed and they can then live their lives to the fullest. That person whose life was changed forever, may have been waiting for that organ for months, or even year after year, for that one special phone call. You could be the next person to change someones life forever and ever. Organ donation is not only a self-fulfilling act of kindness, but if more people were to donateRead MoreThe Importance Of Organ Donation Facilities1832 Words   |  8 PagesThe Importance of Organ Donation Facilities Organ donors are in high demand, and rightfully so, a saved life depends on it. The sale and trade of human organs have made the Black Market become a profitable and legitimate business. Unfortunately, funeral homes have come under fire for questionable practices that are being done by organ brokers. This issue is not readily exposed to the view of the public. Therefore, this causes many to question the practice of organ brokers and whetherRead MoreThe Importance of Promoting Organ Donations Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesAround the globe thousands of people are placed on a waiting list to receive an organ transplant, for some people the waiting process can be very long, and for others it can be short. To many people having someone give a gift of an organ donation is known has a second chance, a fresh start, and a new beginning at living a normal life again. Every year people on the wait list increase in numbers due to lack of organ donation shortages therefore, finding a donor becomes difficult because in order toRead MoreOrgan Donations1668 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Aguila Prof. Leblanc SPC 21 October 2012 Organ Donation Topic: Organ Donation General Purpose: To educate the class on the importance of organ donations. Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to not let their organs go to waste. Thesis Statement: Donating your organs allows a life to be prolonged. It also allows scientific studies to prevent future occurrences or finding a cure for a disease. Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivational Sequence Visual Aids: Power-PointRead MoreDefinitions For Blood Donation746 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the blood donation. Males appeared more willing to donate blood than females, but most respondents in each race-gender group were willing to donate except for black females. The donation for cadaveric organs, most white respondents had identified themselves as organ donors on their driver’s licenses or donor cards, whereas less than most black persons had identified themselves as donors. The factors explaining race and gender disparities in willingness to donate for blood donation adjustment. MostRead MoreEssay on Increasing the Number of Organ Donors781 Words   |  4 Pagestwo words organ donation, we immediately let it slip our mind- as we simply don’t think it’s important enough. As this comes into play for many topics, we never truly recognise what others are put through on a daily basis. With 1,700 individuals on the Australian waiting list, we believe this number is very minor and can be benefitted easily. Truth is, while the numbers rise, many will have an unfortunate death having to wait up to 4 years or more at a time waiting for suitable organ transplantation

Unilodge Company for Digital Marketing- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theUnilodge Company for Digital Marketing. Answer: Introduction Unilodge is one of the leading providers of accommodation facilities to students with more than 60 properties, across countries such as Australia and New Zealand. Unilodge is owned privately and mostly specialises in professional operations and management of various properties located within the university or areas close to the universities across Australia and New Zealand. Strategies for market targeting, positioning and branding Unilodge Company employs proper marketing strategies to identify available target markets and to come up with a marketing mix that helps in winning the trust of its potential customers. Market targeting involves dividing a market into segments and the concentration on one segment (Hulse, Martin, James Stone, 2018). Unilodge mainly targets students learning in various universities in Australia and New Zealand and who need accommodation while pursuing their studies. Also, Rowley, Costello, Higgins, Phibbs (2014), explains that market positioning is a strategy used by companies to develop a position in the customers minds. For example, Unilodge has been well-known by the students to provide quality accommodation services at affordable prices. The company makes its accommodation facilities to reflect the lifestyles of the university students as a way of developing customer preference. Furthermore, Branding involves creating a unique name and image for a product (Parameswaran Bowers, 2014). Unilodge has developed a strong brand for its services. It has been known by the students for providing quality housing at affordable costs. Market segmentation Market targeting Product positioning Involves identifying bases for segmentation The company evaluates the potential and also the commercial attractiveness of each segment The company comes up with a detailed product positioning for the selected markets Determining and coming up with some essential characteristics of each market segment identified. The company then selects one or more segments from the potential segments The company then develops a marketing mix for each of the potential chosen markets. Unilodge mainly deals with university students who need accommodation services as a market segment. Unilodge targets university students around Australia and New Zealand who need accommodation while pursuing their studies Unilodge has developed a strong brand as a company which provides quality accommodation services at affordable prices. Marketing mix of the company Unilodge Company uses the marketing mix to enhance the effectiveness of the services offered by the company. The marketing mix involves an overall combination of various factors that can be controlled by the company to motivate the customers to buy the products offered by the company. The marketing mix of Unilodge Company involves; Product: This mainly refers to the companys market offer (Khan, 2014). It is the item that is produced by the company to satisfy the needs of a particular targeted group of people. The company provides accommodation services as the product in the marketing mix. A product in the marketing mix of the company has a life cycle which involves growth, maturity and sales decline phase. Price: This refers to the amount paid by the clients to enjoy the services offered by the company, (Khan, 2014). Price in the marketing mix is useful in determining the profits earned by the company and the survival of the company. Ideally, Unilodge offers accommodation services to university students at affordable prices. It prices its accommodation facilities at relatively lower prices to make them more affordable. Distribution: This entails the location of the product and the means by which the products are made available to the customers by a company (Khan, 2014). About Unilodge, the company uses intensive distribution, exclusive distribution, selective distribution, and franchising. To ensure that its facilities are made available to the students. Promotion: Promotion involves finding a market for a specific product, through making the customers aware of the existence of a product and then convincing them to buy (Withers, 2014). Digital marketing is an important marketing and promotional strategy used by Unilodge to boost brand recognition and sales. Sales promotion is carried out by the company through advertising on various social media sites like Facebook and Twitter. How this company is adapting to the changes in digital marketing focusing on each element of the marketing mix. Unilodge Company is adapting to the changes in digital marketing to boost customer awareness of the services provided by the company (Pinto, 2017). The company advertises the product aspect of the marketing mix so that the customers are made aware of the services offered and the prices to be paid for the product (Robertson, 2017). The company is making use of social media sites to stimulate marketing of the services offered by the company. In its social media sites, the products (the facilities and the accommodation services available) are described, with the costs attached to them thus enabling the students to evaluate and choose the services of their interest. Differences between Unilodge and Mantra hotels Mantra hotels use different strategies and approaches to enhance the effectiveness of the activities carried out by the company. The difference between Unilodge and Mantra hotels is evaluated in the table below: Unilodge company Mantra hotels The company is involved in professional management and specialises in the management of student accommodation Mantra hotels do not specialise in the management of student accommodation but rather offers holiday accommodation in Australia. Unilodge company has less advanced information technology system as compared to mantra hotels Mantra hotels use diverse asset base, brand ownership and make use of streamlined, centralised operations and have a superior information technology infrastructure. The sales and marketing teams used by the company in sales promotion is weaker as compared to the team employed by Mantra hotels Mantra hotels use sales and marketing teams which are so strong such that it makes the company the strongest hospitality management group in Australia Conclusion In conclusion, Unilodge Company is very effective in providing accommodation services to the students in universities across Australia and New Zealand. The company employs the marketing mix to boost the profits earned by the company. The aspects of the marketing mix used by the company are product, price, distribution and digital marketing (promotion). References Hulse, K., Martin, C., James, A., Stone, W. (2018). Private Rental in Transition: Institutional Change, Technology and Innovation in Australia. Khan, M. T. (2014). The Concept of Marketing Mix' and its Elements (a Conceptual Review paper). International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(2), 95. Parameswaran, A., Bowers, J. (2014). Student Residences: From Housing to Education.Journal of Further and Higher Education. Pinto, S. A. (2017). Shackled Bodies, Unchained Minds: Lunatic Asylums in the Bombay Presidency. Robertson, S. (2017). Infrastructures of Insecurity: Housing and Language Testing in Asia-Australia Migration.Geoforum. Rowley, S., Costello, G., Higgins, D., Phibbs, P. (2014). Subsidized Affordable Rental Housing: Lessons from Australia and Overseas. Withers, G. (2014). The State of the Universities.Through a glass darkly: The Social Sciences Look at the Neoliberal University.

Turkey

Introduction The Eurasian Country Turkey is a vital factor in the present geopolitical situation for its strategic location with its various historical events. By this time the country has engrossed the attraction of most developed countries and the people allover the world are interested to learn more about the country for their business and tourism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper has aimed to present short snap of the country Turkey with deep insights of its geographical data, historical evens, political system, economical potentials, cultural heritage, and tourism prospects that would provide a better understanding for the people interested to explore their business and pleasure trip in this region. This study would deliver with the secondary data available from the recent publications from the governmental and private resources of the most prominent authors in this area, international organizations, and their evaluations about Turkey and so on. All the credit for this study goes to the authors of those works that assisted to organize the paper and there is nothing new, but the presentation and final conclusion delivered by the present author belongs to personal thinking and realization. Geography – Absolute and Relative Location of Turkey: The absolute location of Turkey is exactly in the central area of the earth, linking Europe and Asia, and playing the role of a bridge between the two continents by being bounded with the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black Sea along with the Sea of Marmara (Library of Congress, 7). In addition, the country has boundaries with Armenia, Russia, Iraq, Syria, Greece, Bulgaria, Georgia, and Iran; geologically, the boundary between Asia and Europe is the Bosporus, a passage of water that links the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea, which runs exactly through the city of Istanbul; for this reason, bot h Istanbul and Turkey are equally in Asia and Europe. The location map of the country in the appendix shows the exact positioning of Turkey. The capital city of the country is Ankara, and in fact, the greater part of Turkey is in Asia; however, politically, modern Turkey believes itself to be a committed European nation, and therefore it applied for membership of the EU and is already a constituent of NATO; moreover, its football-team plays in the European qualifying of WC and European trophies.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Library of Congress (7), when it comes to relative location, the position of Turkey is in the eastern side of Greece and the country is flanked by the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. The Size The country possesses an area of 780580 square-kilometers (301382 sq miles) with 9820 sq km of water and an overall coastline of 8430 km (that is 5238 miles); in addition, its territorial-boundaries are 822 km with Syria, 499 km with Iran; 352 with Iraq, 268 with Armenia, 252 with Georgia, 240 with Bulgaria, 206 with Greece, and 9 with Azerbaijan. Being a transcontinental Eurasian nation, ninety- seven percent of Turkey engages Anatolia and the residual three percent is in Thrace; in comparison, Turkey is a little bigger than Texas, and its capital city is located in the northwest of Anatolia; conversely, it claims coastline-sovereignty extending six nautical-miles in the Aegean Sea and 12 nautical-miles in the Black and Mediterranean seas. Turkey possesses an intricate set of marine-disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea, as well as enduring airspace-disputes with Greeks in the same area; moreover, whilst an unresolved issue with the division of Cyprus is continuing, Syria and Iraq have also complaint about Turkey’s elimination of the headwaters of the Euphrates River, which flows from Turkey into those two nations. According to Library of Congress report, its size is approximately half-the-size of Russia, three–tenths the size of Africa, half of South-America, slightly-bigger than China, greater-than double the size of the EU, almost equal to the state of Massachusetts, double the size of California, nearly six times as big as England and three times as big as the United Kingdom Hydrological Features The hydrological features of Turkey are quite complex; low-flows at rivers are of huge significance from the environmental-pollution point of view because when contamination loads, rivers reach highest drought during seasons, causing severe obscurities in evaluation of water quality standards; moreover, river secretions could have low values in some period of the year and may even be dehydrated (TNUGG 3). This typically takes place during the summer-months while irrigation has key significance; in addition, river secretion is vital where waste water enters the river during low flow periods from the dilu tion viewpoint – if the flow reduces below a definite low flow value, it has an undeviating impact on the aquatic life of the surface flows under deliberation (TNUGG 3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On a report of the Turkish hydrological processes, Partal and Ercan (1) suggested that there seemed to be a more obvious seasonal pattern in drifts of precipitation in Turkey, and the number of negative drifts surpassed the positive drifts during January, February, March, September and October; so, the utmost prevalence of negative drifts remained in late winter and September. The table of the Turkish hydrological process (monthly to yearly mean precipitation) in the appendix illustrates the precise situation of hydrological precipitation in the country. Orographic Features Mountains stop Mediterranean-influences from coming into inland, giving the interior of Turkey a continental-climate with distinct-seasons; so, the Anatolian-Plateau is much more subject to extremes than the coastal-regions; particularly, winters are harsh on the plateau and the temperatures of -30 °C to -40 °C can occur in the mountainous regions; however, the driest regions are the Konya Ovasi and the Malatya Ovasi. Climatic Features People in the coastal areas observe milder climates, whilst the inland Anatolia plateau experiences hot summer and cold winter with inadequate rainfall; moreover, due to Turkey’s geological situations, it does not possess a universal or overall climatic pattern; however, in Istanbul and throughout the seashore of Marmara the climate is modest (winter-4 ºC and summer-27 ºC) (Library of Congress 8). In Western Anatolia, there is a calm Mediterranean weather with standard temperatures of 9 ºC in winter and 29 ºC in summer; on the other hand, on the southern coast of Anatolia (Mediterranean area) the same weather can be found; ho wever, the weather of the Anatolian Plateau is a lowland weather, with a huge temperature variation between day and night (WWCI 1 and GSS 1). According to GSS (1), the Aegean and Mediterranean coastal areas possess yearly precipitation varying from 580 to 1,300 millimeters, and the Black Sea coastal area has the heaviest rainfall in Turkey, averaging 1,400 millimeters annually; however, the rainfall is extremely sparse in summer, but snowfall in winter is profound – annual precipitation averages 400 millimeters. The figures and graphs in the appendix illustrate the exact climatic condition of the country. Flora and Fauna Turkey’s flora and fauna is so rich that it became a competitor of Europe because of numerous decorative flowers like tulip and other 9,000 plant species and 8,000 animal species; some of its animals are tigers, deer, bald-ibis, and kangal-dog; conversely, Turkish people cultivate lentils, apricots, almonds, hazelnuts, and cherries as well as tulip, cr ocus, snowdrop, lily, etc.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More History Turkey in the Ancient Era Aschner et al. (4) pointed out that the Anatolian peninsula which was also known as Asia Minor is the region that modern world knows as Turkey, in the ancient history the region gained two grand landmark – one is for its oldest human civilization and the other is for its connectivity between Asia and Europe. The history of human civilization demonstrated that during 7500 BC to 5700 BC human settlements flourished in this region and the Anatolia evidenced with rise and fall of many empires that continued up to 8th century. Inalcik (2) added that Anatolian civilization during 2500 BC, the Kingdom of Hattie flourished here that introduced the Bronze Age and named the region as Asia Minor where it evidenced both urban and rural civilization with agriculture and mining with free flow of migrants. Its language was different from all other neighbor nations with basic characteristics of Turkic language family, with vast influence of Babylonian cultur e in the southern region of Anatolian, there was another indo-European language named Nesian (Inalcik 1). The region was under tremendous attack of the Indo-European tribes, but the Hittites organized Asia Minor as a strong state by occupying Aleppo and Babylon during 1450 BC to 1200 BC, they also attacked Egyptian empire and influenced Greek with creative and cultural power; thus, Anatolia proved itself as a cradle of great civilizations. Aschner pointed out that the Archaeological findings has demonstrated unyielding verification that the socio cultural heritage of modern Turkey has originated from the Hittite state as an archetype of the modern Asia Minor with the territorial boundaries of the Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in south and Aegean in the west (1). Turkey in the Middle Era Lonsdale (129) mentioned that Alexander the Great with his modern military doctrine, sophisticated logistics system, and well trained military forces conquered Anatolia in 334 BC by d escending Hellene rulers, it was not a very easy task, but has to give him high value with the sacrifice of huge trained military and took. Next to the Alexander, the territory then absolved into the Roman Empire and prolonged up to the first century to thousand years, during their role they divided Anatolia into two parts of the Byzantine otherwise Eastern Roman Empire and the established the capital of the country in Constantinople, which is the Istanbul, the capital of modern Turkey. The kingdom continued as one of the most dominant economic region, advanced cultural heritage, and military strength in Europe even though it slow down and turned weaker with territorial losses at the time of Roman – Persian as well as Byzantine – Arab Wars; however, Anatolia kingdom sustained until the Islamic aggression extended this region and conquered the Ottoman Empire. Following the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars, the kingdom tried for restoration, but the Muslim aggression in 674 AD to 678 AD, the Muslim troops blockade the Byzantine capital Constantinople and ensured the fall the empowered the Muslims to rule over Ottoman Turks by extending their aggression to conquer Transoxania and Chorasan until ninths century. In twelve century, the Mongols leader Cengiz Khan defeated the Muslim rulers and conquered Transoxania and Chorasan, due to the geopolitical importance of Turkey has gone through until the modern Turkey established with its secular and strategic alliance and successful foreign policy. Turkey in the Modern Era Ahmad (30) pointed out that the Ottoman dynasty had generated an inheritance in Turkey with both negative and positive impact in the political arena and there were no strong successors to restitution of the kingdom, the Young Turks ascended in the power has failed to address the people’s needs that led to evidence the constitutional movement in 1908. At this stage, the Ottoman dynasty has attempted to manipulate and influence the heri tage with radical reformation scheme and structural transformation, but Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk, the revolutionary leader with his regime opposed and demanded to complete abolishing the monarchy from the country secular and democratic values. However, the Ottoman dynasty has permitted the reformation due to the wave of nationalist movement under the leadership of Kemal, although some successors of the Ottoman dynasty like Rauf Orbay kept in the power of new government as traditional symbol and declared victory in July 1922 (Ahmad 30). The political ideology of Kemal Atatà ¼rk was deeply influenced by secularism and his followers recognized many events of momentous significance that provided the test of real independence with numerous openness, withdrawal of all censorship, free movement of people, open market, and independence of press etc. for which people have long been eager. Atatà ¼rk removed all discrimination based on race and color, the major religion groups’ like M uslim, Greek, Armenian, and Jewish learned and experienced a high degree of peaceful co-existence with each other (46). Due to alliance with the Great Britain, Turkey tried to treat itself as a neutral player in the World War II, the ruling-party adopted ‘wait and see’ policy where the Berlin benefited from this neutrality, but the revolt against the axis power generated crisis in Turkey connecting its notorious Capital Tax that was lastly repealed in March 1944. Failure to address appropriate strategy by the government bring into beginning of a new thought in the society to establish civilian leadership on the armed forces and the wave of multi party politics come into evidence instead of conservative, dictatorial autonomy of military and it given the victory of democracy over the fascism in 1945 (117). The modern history of Turkey has unfortunate scenario of military intervention in the state power, although the people have learned to respect the military because of t heir sacrifice and struggle for the nation in the era of Kemal Atatà ¼rk; but modern values of democracy does not allow militaries to intervene in the decision-making and state power. Due to Turkey’s engagement with the NATO the military expenditure were extremely raising in fifties and the government was under pressure to cut military budget while the Turkish military has no glorious role in the world war I II, following such background of military budget cutting, the country evidenced military interventions in sixties, seventies, eighties and nineties (141). The Political System of Turkey Aschner et al. (10) pointed out that the membership condition of Turkey in the European Union has urged to develop the political system of Turkey including its economy and human rights condition and to do so EU suggested for enormous reformations along its legal reformation in some context. Turkey is the first Muslim country that membership of EU, although 92% territory of the country is situated in the Asia, the country experienced at least military interventions, there are huge non-secular practice in the government has generated confusion among its people and inhabitants; thus, people demand for quick reformation. Social progress, economic development of Turkey has deeply linked with the reformation of its political system (Migdalovitz 7). The Political Structure of Turkey The House of Commons (3) mentioned that under the constitution 1982, Turkey is a constitutional democratic republic with a dominance of military intervention although the recent constitutional reformation has engaged to reduce the military interference by integrating the civil society. According to constitutional amendment of 2007, the parliament of Turkey has bannered as ‘Grand National Assembly of Turkey’ (TGNA) that consisted with 550 elected members by the direct vote of the people and they seat for four yeas in the GNAT. There are huge number of political parties in Turkey, bu t the parties those get at least 55 seats are entitled to parliamentary, to avoid such dilemmas politicians go for election independently and after election they join to the favorable parties (11). Before the constitutional amendment 2007, the two-third majority of the parliament members elected the presidents, but after that amendment president would be elected by the direct vote of the people for five years and could not be elected for more than two terms. The power of the president has not eventually described in the constitution, but he serves as the head of legislative, executive including judicial branches, at the same time the president shares his power with the Council of Ministers represented by the Prime Minister who enjoys the power to veto any legislation along with the rights to issue emergency decrees. President is the head of state, and though his powers are not precisely defined, they include the executive, legislative, and even judicial spheres (5). He shares execut ive power with the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, and has the power to veto legislation and issue emergency decrees. The Prime Minister is empowered to appoint the most sensitive state officials like Chief Public Prosecutor, judges of the Constitutional Court and other important positions; at the same time, he acts as the chief of armed forces and chairperson of the National Security Council and accountable to the parliament. Political Representation Political Division SETA (3) pointed out that the most dominant political representation of the people has evidenced by four major political parties who evidenced with their ideological heritage and the political divisions among them are very clear with the changing dynamics of Turkey where domestic and foreign policy options continuously transforming. Following the referendum of 2010, all the political parties urged their unity to establish a new constitution for new Turkey that reflected in their election manifesto as vision of 2023 and people are likely hopeful to get a prosperous Turkey with their political representation, following are the major agenda for parties: The Justice and Development Party: – It is also named as ‘AK Party’ that organized in 2002 and proved itself as a most dominant political actor to change the political and social life of the people with their program and the country would be capable to overcome underlying economic crisis. The political and economic agenda of the party satisfied the people’s vision and in election of 2002, AK party ascended into the state power and continued its reformation agenda, beside the economic reform the party has aimed to maintain political stability and to ensure right and freedoms (4). The Republican People’s Party: – The name of the party initialized as CHP and it is the most prominent political organization of Turkey founded by Mustafa Kemal during 1923, it ideology aligned with republicanism and nationalism, under the leadership of this party Turkey entered in the modern era. Turkish major political reform, like multiparty politics, democratic values, and abolition of monarchy was the contribution of CHP. CHP has struggled for a long time against military autocracy in Turkey and bought major constitutional reforms; in the general election of 2002, it occupied 19% seats in Parliament while AK Party came to power with 34% vote. The Nationalist Movement Party: – The name of the party initialized as MHP that started its journey in 1969 and evidenced with influential political movements in Turkey against communism, it dominated with anti-communist sentiment of the people generated a wave of â€Å"save the country† propaganda during the cold war era and gained tremendous support from the young generation. The party has generated some ethical dilemmas in Turkey and no evidence to go to the state power; it gained 2.9% and 18% in the general election of 1987 and 1 999 respectively. The Peace and Democracy Party: – Rather than the parliamentary seats, the significant factor of this party is to represent Kurdish political movement a different Muslim ethical group in Turkey, the party has banded by the constitutional court and reorganized as People’s Labor Party (HEP) aligning with international support, in the general election of 2011, it failed to prove its effectiveness. Judiciary Branch The United Nations (7) mentioned that the president appoints judges of the Constitutional Court, while the Supreme Judicial Council elects the judges of the Court of Appeals where all the judges are entitled to exercise their power independently without any bias with the aim to ensure justice and piece of the country in the light of Constitution, laws, and jurisprudence. There is no executive power to interfere in the judiciary even in the provincial or district courts have the evidence of the independence, it is the discretion of the judges wh ere the court would exercise its power, even the legislative and executive are loyal to the court verdicts and may not interfere to any extent. The Supreme Judicial Council acts with the promotion, remuneration, retirement, transfer and posting of the judges that organized with judges of the Supreme Court, it monitors compliance, election, and duties in the judiciary tribunals in the country. The Legislative Branch of Turkey The 550 seated parliament, which named Grand National Assembly of Turkey’ (TGNA) is the highest forum to making and unmaking law, before seating in the TGNA, the members take oath to uphold the constitutional supremacy, it passes and amend any law for the greater interest of the nation, Council of Ministers are also accountable here. The National budget, overseas treaty and agreement, war decision and all other emergence should be approved from TGNA. National symbols of Turkey The national flag of Turkey designed and developed with crescent moon along wit h ‘five-pointed star’ that has been originated from the symbols of ancient Ottoman empire while the national anthem of the ‘Independence March’ symbolized the motivational spirit introduced during liberation war in 1921. Economics Currency IMF (19) provided the matrix to find out the effects of macro-financial distresses on the Turkish economy and it influenced transmission channels, for example, cost of external funding jumped, imports compressed, domestic credit squeezed, elevated cost of external financing usually, raised cost of financial intermediation and indirect taxes raised, and reduced demand for Turkey’s exports. In addition, IMF (19) mentioned that major risks mainly suffered by banking sector with EA parents, public sector, and corporate sector; therefore, IMF identified some potential risks, such as, Increased unemployment rate, created credit crunch, elevated inflation from depreciation and increased indirect taxes, decreased living st andard, squeezed profits and ability to repay loans, and reduced trust on public sector. At the same time, Exchange Rate Until 2005 lira was very weak in relation to the US dollar, but post-2005 years lira gained enough strength, the notes of before 2008 are now out of date and the current indicative exchange rate is US $ 1 = Lira 1.81 according to the central bank data (TCMB 1). Gross Domestic Product According to the report of Trading Economics (1), the economic position of Turkey is much more stable than any other countries in the world because its GDP for 2011, 2010, and 2009 were $773.09 billion, $735.49 billion and $614.42 billion gradually; in addition, the GDP value of this country is approximately equivalent to 1.25% of the world economy. In addition, Trading Economics and World Bank had considered official exchange rate of GDP, which indicates the value of all final products and services produced within a country by a fiscal year; however, Trading Economics further address ed that averaged GDP of Turkey $204.90 billion (from 1968 to 2011, GDP of this country increased from $15.80 billion to $773.09 billion). However, GDP (official exchange rate) was near $614.42 billion, $730.32 billion, and $649.125 billion in the fiscal year 2009, 2008 and 2007 gradually; furthermore, the real growth rate has decreased surprisingly from the year 2009, for instance, the percentage (%) change rate was 29.3% in 2004, where as it was merely -15.87 % in 2009 (Indexmundi 1). Per Capita Income Indexmundi (1), Trading Economics (1), and IMF (25) calculated GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population; however, this rate has also augmented from the last two years and it was more than $14000.0 billion in 2011 and $13577.10 billion in 2010 though it was about $12460.79 billion in 2009 (Percent Change rate was 8.96% in 2010). However, the economy of this country was deteriorate because of global financial downturn in 2008; in addition, Indexmundi (1) reported th at GDP in PPP was fluctuated from 2002 since Percent Change of GDP in PPP was 13.09% and 19.08% in 2004 and 2005 gradually while it was only 1.68% in 2008. Since GDP in PPP shows the core economic strength of the nation, it is necessary to compare the current data with previous year’s data (from 1998 to 2010), which shows GDP is fluctuating, but national economy still good enough; however, figure (6) of the appendix illustrates these fact more elaborately. Labor Composition Library of Congress (15) reported that it is difficult to measure their activities of the labor force because a large portion is working in the EU and other Middle Eastern countries; in addition, Turkey’s labor force was estimated 24.74 million, 24.73 and 27.4 million in 2010, 2011 and 2012 gradually (Indexmundi 1). At the same time, Library of Congress (15) mention that more than 41% involved with official services, 36% occupied with agricultural sectors and 23% in construction and other industry ( industrial labor is seriously unionized,); however, figure five of the appendix provides the data for entire labor force of Turkey for the year 1999 to 2011. On the other hand, the unemployment rate is higher in urban area, such as, it was 12.7% in urban area and 7.6% in 2008; however, near three million labors are members of the union to be benefited while the employers fail to follow ethical codes of international labor organization; moreover, wage disparities are immense between eastern and western Turkey. Employment/Unemployment Rates According to the report of IMF and Indexmundi (1), unemployment rate could measure by two ways, such as, the national with ILO harmonized definition, or the OECD harmonized definition; on the other hand, it should measure by the number of citizens actively seeking work divided by the labor power (Trading Economics 1) and Percent Change rate depend on inflows made. Trading Economics (1) reported that present unemployment rate is near 8.0% while it w as 10.8% in 2011; however, the table and figure of appendix show more information in this regard Main Exports and Imports Key Exports to Turkey Indexmundi (1) stated that exporting indicates the promotion and direct sells of locally manufactured goods in a foreign market and it is a well-established and conventional form of strategy to acquiring overseas markets; so, export is one of the most important factors for Turkish economy as it earned large amount from this segment like exports income was $143.5 in 2011. According to the Library of Congress (16) and Indexmundi (1), appliances, consumer electronics, and vehicles are the key sectors, but it exports other products and services besides these segments, such as it exports following items as well: Vegetable products; Live animals along with animal products; Animal or vegetable fats and oils; Prepared foodstuffs; Beverages, spirits, vinegar and tobacco; Mineral products and chemical; Plastics and rubber; Vehicles, aircraft, machine ry, vessels and associated transport equipment; Miscellaneous Manufactured goods; Textiles and Textile Articles, Wood and Pulp of Wood, Footwear, Headgear, Umbrellas, Natural or Cultured Pearls, Base Metals, Mechanical Appliances; Optical, Photographic, Cinematographic, and so on; Figure six of the appendix demonstrates the earning from exports in billion for the year 1999 to 2011; however, export revenue of Turkey increased from 1999, for example, in 1999 it was about $26 billion while it was more than $140 billion in 2008 though it dropped in 2009 due to financial crisis in global context. Imports to Turkey Library of Congress (14) stated that Turkey has to import large amount of oil and natural gas and this country imported about 1.10 billion cubic feet of natural gas (from Russia, Iran and Azerbaijan) to enhance electric power industry; Turkey increased import of gas from 25% to 58% with last seven years. According to the report of Library of Congress (16) and Indexmundi (1) po inted out that the demand of oil has also increased by 20% from 2006 to 2010, and demand of electric power doubled in the 1990s, which was difficult for this country to keep up with demand though Turkey’s producing capacity of 35000 megawatts to 67000 megawatts exceeded by 2010. Library of Congress (16) and Indexmundi (1) pointed out also reported that This country imports near 90% of its oil mainly from Iran, Iraq, Russia, KSA, and Syria; In addition, main Items for imports are machinery, chemicals, fuels, and semi-finished goods; Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and related transport equipment import costs were more than $18.1 billion and $23.2 billion in the year 2010 and 2011 gradually; In addition, import costs for Machinery and Mechanical Appliance were about $30.2 billion and $38.14 billion in the year 2010 and 2011 gradually; Import costs to base metals and articles of base metal were $28.33 billion, mineral products were $6.7 billion and costs for products of the chemica l or allied industries were $17.8 billion; Figure no seven of appendix shows the expenditure for imports in billion in USD for the year 1999 to 2011; in addition, import cost of Turkey augmented from 2003 due to raise demand in domestic market, for instance, in 2003, import cost was more than $50.8 billion whereas it was over $193.9 billion and $232.90 in 2008 and 2011 gradually. In addition, the figure no seven from IndexMundi (1) also provided more information about the expenditure related to import, such as, import costs was stable position from the year 1999 to 2004 and trade balance was negative position, but it was considerable. Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey: Indexmundi stated that in Turkey FDI determines the total sum of investment made by the investors of overseas countries in Turkey; however, Library of Congress (17) reported that investment policy of this country with FDI inflow was comparatively low due to political instability and the structural problem. It is im portant that FDI exclude investment in the course of purchase of shares and investment commitments made by the foreign investors are also a further determinant of FDI in terms of fixed assets; however, FDI of this country was only $2 billion in 1999, but it increased slowly while it was $18.63 billion in 2011 (Indexmundi 1) Culture and Tourism Icoz, Ebru and Orhan (2) stated that Turkey is one of the most famous rising tourism destinations because rich geo-morphological along with tectonic multi-altitudinal structure; however, the government has already taken long-term strategic plan in order to develop the facilities for the tourists and generate more revenue from this sector. Folklore, Music, and Dance Turkey has very rich folkloric traditions, such as, folk music accompanies Anatolian people, and people create their own music (music pass from one another and â€Å"asiklar† or troubadours sing and play this music); in addition, Turkish folk dance is very lively and variant because regional dancing steps and rhythms are different and based on local culture and different situation; Museums, Art Galleries, Palaces Castles Several important popular art galleries, palaces, and castles are: Ottoman museums (1839 – 1922): Ottoman museums were rooted in military collections instead of art works (Shaw 4); Ankara Anatolian Civilizations Museum (1464 – 1471): historically important for Turkish made up of two buildings; Topkapi Palace Museum (1459-1465): This museum situated in Istanbul and Mehmet II built this Palace as his principal residence along with parliament house; however, visitor would get the opportunity to see richest collections of treasures in the world including Arms and armor, Ceramics, Glass, Silverware, and so on; Other: Antakya Mosaic Museum, Istanbul Archaeology Museum, Ephesus Archaeology Museum and Antalya Archaeology Museum, Istanbul Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art; Palaces Castles: Turkish castles and palaces have a very different look from European castles, which would give the opportunity for the tourist to experience unique National Parks There are 33 official national parks and 16 areas considered natural parks, such as: AdÄ ±yaman – Nemrut Mountain National Park: Most famous park for the huge sculptures of gods on the mountain (Ankara 1); Afyon – AkdaÄŸ National Park: it covers an area of 14,916 hectares and it was declared a Natural Park in June 2000; Other: BaÅŸkomutan Historical National Park, Soguksu National Park, Antalya – Altinbesik Cave National Park, Antalya – Bey Mountains Shore National Park, Kà ¶prà ¼là ¼ Canyon National Park, KurÅŸunlu Waterfall and so on; Gastronomy (Foods) Food: Turkish would like to take home-made food, some Turkish foods are the simit (ring-shaped bread), gà ¶zleme (a kind of pancake), Turkish appetizers, kebap (sometimes spelled kebab), Adana kebap, kà ¶fte (meat balls), gà ¶zleme, kumpir, and so on; Drinks: Tea is the national drink and it is served at breakfast; however, Turkish coffee, and alcoholic beverages are widely available; Religion, Philosophy Traditions Library of Congress (10) reported that about 99% of the total population is Muslim mainly Sunni and Islamic groups challenged the idea of the secular nation, so, the presence of the non-Muslim population declined from 2000; however, Christianity and Judaism are the other religions in practice; Other – Temples, Festivals Archaeological Sites Temples: It is some times argued that Gobekli Tepe, about 11,000 years old archaeological site, was the world’s first temple; among other temples, Temple of Artemis and Didyma are significant; besides, there are numerous other active temples too; Festivals: Apart from New Year, Eid, and Christmas, International-Film-Festival, Mevlana-Memorial-Celebrations, Folklore-Festival, Children’s-Festival, Nasreddin-Hodja-festival, Izmir-international-fair, etc. are significant A rchaeological Sites: Ephesus, Aphrodisias, Hierapolis, Pergamum, Gobekli, Priene, Patara, Arykanda, Olympos, Termessos, and Sagalassos, are the major archaeological sites of the country Conclusion This study demonstrated that Turkey is a resourceful country with its geopolitical importance, glorious historical heritage, ancient civilization, and cultural development, stable economic and political progress those enabled the first Asian country to be the member of European Union. The rich legacy of modern Turkey would catch the attention of foreigners for business and tourism. Works Cited Ahmad, Feroz. The making of modern Turkey. London: Routledge, 2003. Print. Ankara, Gazi. Turkey National Parks. 2012. Web. http://www.goturkey.com/content.php?cid=53229lng=entyp=c. Aschner, Diana. et al. 2009. History Culture of Turkey: From Anatolian Civilization to Modern Republic. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://www.chatham.edu/academics/globalfocus/archives/turkey_1011/_pdf/history_culture.pd f. GSS. 2012. Hunting in Turkey for Bezoar Ibex, Anatolian Chamois and Anatolian Red Deer. http://www.gssafaris.com/destinations/hunting-in-turkey.php. Icoz, Onur. Ebru Gunlu and Orhan Icoz. 2008. The Role of Travel Intermediaries in the Development of Mountain Tourism With Respect To Sustainable Mountain Tourism Policies: A Case Of Turkey. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://www.unizar.es/centros/eueeh/master/ICOZetalt.pdf. IMF. 2011. IMF Country Report. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr1216.pdf. Inalcik, Halil. 2012. Turkey And Europe:A Historical Perspective. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/HalilInalcik1.pdf. Indexmundi. Country profile 2012 of Turkey. 2012. Web. http://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/. Library of Congress. 2008. Country Profile: Turkey. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkey.pdf. Lonsdale, David. 2007. Alexander the Great Lessons in strategy. PDF file. 13 Oc tober 2012. http://trainings.altpere.com/downloads/GYC/books/Alexander%20Great%20Strategy.pdf. Migdalovitz, Carol. 2010. Turkey: Politics of Identity and Power. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/147289.pdf. Partal, Turgay Ercan Kahya. 2005. Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://web.itu.edu.tr/~kahyae/docs/Trend%20analysis%20in%20Turkish%20precipitation%20data.pdf. SETA. 2011. Political Parties In Turkey: From 2010 Referendum To 2011 June Elections. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://www.setadc.org/pdfs/SETA_Policy_Brief_No_52_Political_Parties_in_Turkey.pdf. Shaw, Wendy. 2011. National Museums in the Republic of Turkey: Palimpsests within a Centralized State. http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp/064/038/ecp64038.pdf. TCMB. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Exchange Rates. 2012. Web. http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/. The House of Commons. 2008. Turkey Today. PDF file. 13 October 2012. www.parliament.uk/briefing-p apers/RP08-90.pdf. The United Nations. 2004. Republic of Turkey: Public Administration Country Profile. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023185.pdf. TNUGG. 2007. The Report of Turkish National Hydrology Commission. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://www.iugg.org/members/nationalreports/turkey07-iahs.pdf. Trading Economics. Turkey Unemployment Rate. 2012. Web. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/turkey/unemployment-rate. WWCI. 2011. Average weather in Side, Turkey. PDF file. 13 October 2012. http://www.weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-fahrenheit,side,Turkey. Appendices Figure 1: The location map of Turkey Source: GSS (1) Figure 1a: Turkey’s Flag Source: Library of Congress (1) Table-2: Turkish hydrological process – monthly to annual mean precipitation Source: Partal Ercan (14) Figure-3: Monthly temperature Source: WWCI (1) Figure-4: Average precipitation Source: WWCI (1) Figu re-5: Average sunshine annually Source: WWCI (1) Figure-5: Per Capita Income Source: Indexmundi (1) Table 4: Unemployment rate of Turkey for 2001-2010 Source: Indexmundi (1) Figure 4: Unemployment rate of Turkey 2011-2012 Source: Trading Economics (1) Figure-6: Total Exports from 1999 to 2011 Source: IndexMundi (1) Figure-7: Imports 1999-2011 Source: IndexMundi (1) This essay on Turkey was written and submitted by user Libby Blake to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Doctors Riot essays

Doctor's Riot essays In former times body-snatching, or digging up bodies for dissections was much more heard of than at present. The fear if it was so great, that often, in the neighborhood where medical students were pursuing their studies, persons who lost friends and family members would have a watch kept over their graves for several nights, to prevent them from being dug up. Neither the high social position nor sex of the dead provided a barrier to this disturbance of the graves. Although it was established that for thorough instruction in medical science, subjects for dissection were necessary, yet no one outside of the medical profession could be found to authorize body-snatching. In the winter of 1787 and 1788, medical students of New York City dug up bodies more frequently than usual. Usually, the students had contented themselves with ripping open the graves of strangers and Negroes, about whom there was little concern. This winter, however, they dug up respectable people, even young women, of whom they made an indecent exposure. The stories did not lose anything by reputation, and soon the conduct of physicians and medical students became a town talk. The graveyards were easily accessible while there are plenty of men to be found, who, for a small sum, would dig up any body anyone desired. In 1788 the towns only shelter for the ill was New York Hospital, a three-story structure atop a small hill west of Broadway between Duane and Reade streets.1 Due to the fact that British soldiers had left the place in horrible condition, the facility could not be used for practice of medicine. Two of its rooms had been altered by the professors of the nearby Columbia College into dissecting rooms for the students. A mere accident caused this state of feeling to culminate and suddenly break out into action. On Sunday, April 13th, some boys were playing in the rear of the New York Hospital as they...

Example of Two Sample T Test and Confidence Interval

Example of Two Sample T Test and Confidence Interval Sometimes in statistics, it is helpful to see worked out examples of problems.   These examples can help us in figuring out similar problems.   In this article, we will walk through the process of conducting inferential statistics for a result concerning two population means. Not only will we see how to conduct a hypothesis test about the difference of two population means, we will also construct a confidence interval for this difference.   The methods that we use are sometimes called a two sample t test and a two sample t confidence interval. The Statement of the Problem Suppose we wish to test the mathematical aptitude of grade school children.   One question that we may have is if higher grade levels have higher mean test scores. A simple random sample of 27 third graders is given a math test, their answers are scored, and the results are found to have a mean score of 75 points with a sample standard deviation of 3 points. A simple random sample of 20 fifth graders is given the same math test and their answers are scored. The mean score for the fifth graders is 84 points with a sample standard deviation of 5 points. Given this scenario we ask the following questions: Does the sample data provide us with evidence that the mean test score of the population of all fifth graders exceeds the mean test score of the population of all third graders?What is a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean test scores between the populations of third graders and fifth graders? Conditions and Procedure We must select which procedure to use. In doing this we must make sure and check that conditions for this procedure have been met. We are asked to compare two population means. One collection of methods that can be used to do this are those for two-sample t-procedures. In order to use these t-procedures for two samples, we need to make sure that the following conditions hold: We have two simple random samples from the two populations of interest.Our simple random samples do not constitute more than 5% of the population.The two samples are independent of one another, and there is no matching between the subjects.The variable is normally distributed.Both the population mean and standard deviation are unknown for both of the populations. We see that most of these conditions are met.   We were told that we have simple random samples.   The populations that we are studying are large as there are millions of students in these grade levels. The condition that we are unable to automatically assume is if the test scores are normally distributed. Since we have a large enough sample size, by the robustness of our t-procedures we do not necessarily need the variable to be normally distributed. Since the conditions are satisfied, we perform a couple of preliminary calculations. Standard Error The standard error is an estimate of a standard deviation. For this statistic, we add the sample variance of the samples and then take the square root. This gives the formula: (s1 2 / n1 s22 / n2)1/2 By using the values above, we see that the value of the standard error is (32 / 27 52 / 20)1/2 (1 / 3 5 / 4 )1/2 1.2583 Degrees of Freedom We can use the conservative approximation for our degrees of freedom. This may underestimate the number of degrees of freedom, but it is much easier to calculate than using Welchs formula. We use the smaller of the two sample sizes, and then subtract one from this number. For our example, the smaller of the two samples is 20. This means that the number of degrees of freedom is 20 - 1 19. Hypothesis Test We wish to test the hypothesis that fifth-grade students have a mean test score that is greater than the mean score of third-grade students. Let ÃŽ ¼1 be the mean score of the population of all fifth graders. Similarly, we let ÃŽ ¼2 be the mean score of the population of all third graders. The hypotheses are as follows: H0: ÃŽ ¼1 - ÃŽ ¼2 0Ha: ÃŽ ¼1 - ÃŽ ¼2 0 The test statistic is the difference between the sample means, which is then divided by the standard error. Since we are using sample standard deviations to estimate the population standard deviation, the test statistic from the t-distribution. The value of the test statistic is (84 - 75)/1.2583. This is approximately 7.15. We now determine what the p-value is for this hypothesis test. We look at the value of the test statistic, and where this is located on a t-distribution with 19 degrees of freedom. For this distribution, we have 4.2 x 10-7 as our p-value. (One way to determine this is to use the T.DIST.RT function in Excel.) Since we have such a small p-value, we reject the null hypothesis. The conclusion is that the mean test score for fifth graders is higher than the mean test score for third graders. Confidence Interval Since we have established that there is a difference between the mean scores, we now determine a confidence interval for the difference between these two means. We already have much of what we need. The confidence interval for the difference needs to have both an estimate and a margin of error. The estimate for the difference of two means is straightforward to calculate. We simply find the difference of the sample means. This difference of the sample means estimates the difference of the population means. For our data, the difference in sample means is 84 – 75 9. The margin of error is slightly more difficult to compute. For this, we need to multiply the appropriate statistic by the standard error. The statistic that we need is found by consulting a table or statistical software. Again using the conservative approximation, we have 19 degrees of freedom. For a 95% confidence interval we see that t* 2.09. We could use the T.INV function in Excel to calculate this value. We now put everything together and see that our margin of error is 2.09 x 1.2583, which is approximately 2.63. The confidence interval is 9  Ã‚ ± 2.63. The interval is 6.37 to 11.63 points on the test that the fifth and third graders chose.

A study of relationship between service advertising strategies and Dissertation

A study of relationship between service advertising strategies and consumers responses within hospitality industry - Dissertation Example Results The following mean ranges have been used for the substantive interpretations of the means: 1.00-1.49 – strongly disagree; 1.50-2.49 – slightly disagree; 2.50 – 3.49 – neutral; 3.50-4.49 – slightly agree; and 4.50 – 5.00 – strongly agree. Table 1a. Descriptive statistics: The advertisement caught my attention. Mean Std. Deviation Advert 1 3.94 0.80 Advert 2 3.76 0.86 Advert 3 4.17 0.66 Total 3.96 0.79 On the capacity of the advertisement to catch their attention, the means for all three advertisements all suggest agreement. Table 1b. One-way ANOVA: The advertisement caught my attention. Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 12.40 2.00 6.20 10.30 0.00 Within Groups 261.77 435.00 0.60 Â   Â   Total 274.18 437.00 Â   Â   Â   The one-way ANOVA suggests that there is a significant difference among the three advertisements’ ratings on attention getting capacity (F=10.30, p=.00). The post hoc tests in Table A1 (Appendix A) indicates that Ad 3 received significantly higher means than the other two advertisements. Ad 1 is likewise more effective than Ad 2 on this aspect. Table 2a. Descriptive statistics: The advertisement elicited my interest in the hotel being advertised. Mean Std. Deviation Advert 1 3.84 0.63 Advert 2 3.79 0.72 Advert 3 3.99 0.58 On the capability of the advertisement to elicit interest in the hotel, all means suggest agreement by the respondents. Table 2b. One-way ANOVA: The advertisement elicited my interest in the hotel being advertised Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 3.31 2.00 1.65 3.98 0.02 Within Groups 180.79 435.00 0.42 Â   Â   Total 184.09 437.00 Â   Â   Â   On the capability of the advertisement to elicit interest in the hotel being advertised, the F-value indicates that there is indeed a significant difference among the ratings given to the 3 advertisements (F=3.98, p=.02). Table A2 (Appendix A) indicates that Ad 3 garnered significant ly higher ratings than the other two advertisements on this facet. Table 3a. Descriptive statistics: I felt the conviction that what is shown in this advertisement must be true, and developed a positive disposition on my part. Mean Std. Deviation Advert 1 3.33 0.82 Advert 2 4.10 0.78 Advert 3 4.26 0.62 On the conviction that what is shown in this advertisement must be true and developing a positive disposition on the respondents, Ad 2 and 3 garnered agreement. However, Ad 1 received a neutral rating. Table 3b. One-way ANOVA: I felt the conviction that what is shown in this advertisement must be true, and developed a positive disposition on my part. Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 72.18 2.00 36.09 64.61 0.00 Within Groups 242.99 435.00 0.56 Â   Â   Total 315.17 437.00 Â   Â   Â   The one-way ANOVA for statement 3 suggests that there are significant differences yielded for the ratings given to the 3 groups (F=64.61, p=.00). The results in Table A3 (Appendix A) indicates that Ad 3 got higher ratings than the other two ads on this facet, whereas Ad 2 received a higher rating compared to Ad 1. Table 4a. Descriptive statistics: I would like to know more information about this hotel by looking it up in the telephone directory and calling this hote

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Economic - Essay Example The solid boost in quantities sold jointly with an upsurge in iron ore prices forced sales values to a new record of $11.3 billion which is up by 83% as against the past year’s level. Pricing in the Iron ore market For the past 40 years, the prices of iron ore have been determined in private discussions among the small fistful of mineworkers and steelworkers which reign both spot and contract markets. By tradition, the first contract attained amongst these two groups places a yardstick to be adopted by the remainder of the industry.2 This yardstick scheme of pricing iron ore has on the other hand in current years started to collapse, with contributors along both demand and supply chains bidding for a change to short time pricing. Since most of the other commodities were already following a matured market based pricing system, it is likely for iron ore to go behind. Even though exchange-authorized iron ore exchange contracts have grew during the past few years, so far no switch over has instituted a good futures market for the mostly seaborne $88 billion a year iron ore trade (Financial Times, 2009). The need for change in the country The need for change in the country will be due to the following factors: i Economic growth in the long-run for Western Australia’s economic growth will carry on to be well-built for the next 20-30 years. ii The demand for labour under such circumstances will persist to develop more quickly than the ability of the state to supply. This demand will have to be met by the government from the states’ natural population or from the present migration plans. iii It is estimated that a whopping additional 224,000 workers will be needed by 2016 in Western Australia. iv This will result in demand for training people, housing requirements will be more, and there will be the need for drastic growth in infrastructure as well. The demand for production with reference to Isoquant and Isocosts curve theory The principle of subs titution discloses a basic theory of neoclassical location theory. Without a doubt, it may be debated that in a neoclassic site, the position of factories is a practice in changeover as 'trade-offs' are made amongst the different location elements. Thus procurement and allocation costs are interchanged for one another; for instance if a site is near the market then its procurement costs substitute for distribution costs. At the same time if a factory is situated near the sources of raw material substitutes, distribution costs for procurement costs. If a cheap labour location has to be considered then the factory needs to compare the impact of lesser labour costs for high transportation costs or vice versa that is lower transportation costs for higher labour costs. The theory is that in reality firms are boosted to scatter production to low wage areas to make precisely this form of permutation as productions grow. As the production matures, neither the low wage region or the 'least t ransport cost will provide a solution (Hayter, 2004). Figure showing all possible combinations of optimal input for a given output Source: Hayter, 2004 The above graph illustrates the production theory. In this specific theoretical position, an isoquant

Clarence killed Essay Example for Free

Clarence killed Essay This reveals that Richard plans to have Clarence killed, before his brother enters Richard utters,  Dive thoughts, down to my soul: here Clarence comes  This shows the audience that he is not going to be his true self in the next scene as if his thoughts dive down to his soul then they will be too deep down to surface, yet Clarence is not aware of his brothers falsities, and yet again, because of his acting ability Clarence thinks that his brother loves him. Richard claims not to know the reason Clarence is in the tower. That you should be new-chistend in the Tower  But whats the matter, Clarence may I know?  But he himself reveals his part in Clarences imprisonment in the soliloquy previous to this scene,  About a prophecy, which says that G?  Clarences naivety is seen the most before his murder when he says in desperation,  And I will send you to my brother Gloucester  Who shall reward you better for my life   And even after the murderers tell him that his brother hates him he is adamant that they are wrong. This scene, when Clarence is trying to bargain with the murderers, shows how dangerous Richards intelligence is, as little does Clarence know, it is his brother that wants him killed. Richard has lured Clarence into a web of deceit in which Clarence has become susceptible to Richards lies showing how dangerously alluring Richard is in this play  Richards other personalities include, confident to the audience, in his soliloquies where he is his self. Lover to Anne,  Your beauty was the cause of that effect Loving Uncle to the princes,  Where it seems best unto your royal self..  Leader of his people, a devout pious man,  O do not swear , my lord Buckingham  and many, many more. This makes him alluring because his many sides make him an intriguing character as he his not two dimensional like the rest of the cast. His multiple personas make him dangerously alluring because it is difficult to say which of his personas his is utilising, and it would be difficult to believe him as it would be hard to tell whether what he is saying is an act. For example when he is speaking with Clarence he seems genuinely concerned about his brother, From whence this present day he is deliverd?  Ã‚  We are not safe, Clarence, we are not safe!  Perhaps without the aid of the soliloquies we would not know otherwise?.  To conclude, I personally think that the two words Dangerously alluring do justice to Richards manipulative ways. Richard suffers from chronic ambitiousness, and as a result he does not have a conscience. Richard lures people into his web of deceit and quickly exterminates them if they do not fit the mould. He is a dangerous character as; I think he does not see people as human but as pawns to manipulate on the way to the throne. The factor that makes him most alluring is his multiple personalities which he explores throughout the play. His chameleonic ways are perilous because he can swap quickly for personality to personality making him interesting to the audience. This is not only perilous to the people around him, but also to himself as if he plays all of these characters he will soon lose himself in all of the pretence. By the end of the play he begins to deteriorate as personally I think that once he has achieved his main goal, he does not know what to do with himself, he quickly becomes paranoid and as a strong, dangerously alluring character, he collapses, and is no longer appealing to the audience. He become guilty, mistrustful, and vicious compared to his previous character which oozed charisma. No longer is he Richard, the anti hero with an alluring personality, but Richard III who no longer has control over a world which he once had wrapped around his little finger. Once upon a time Richard was dangerously alluring but towards the end he becomes dangerously aware.

Rebirth in Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus, Fever 103, Getting There, and C

Rebirth in Lady Lazarus, Fever 103, Getting There, and Cut  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ariel-period poems of Sylvia Plath demonstrate her desire for rebirth, to escape the body that was "drummed into use" by men and society. I will illustrate the different types of rebirth with examples from the Ariel poems, including "Lady Lazarus," "Fever 103," "Getting There," and "Cut." "Lady Lazarus," the last of the October poems, presents Plath as the victim with her aggression turned towards "her male victimizer (33)." Lady Lazarus arises from Herr Doktor's ovens as a new being, her own incarnation, "the victim taking on the powers of the victimizers and drumming herself into uses that are her own" (33). Linda Bundtzen also sees the poem as "an allegory about the woman artist's struggle for autonomy. The female creature of a male artist-god is asserting independent creative powers" (33). Plath confronts Herr Doktor: Herr God, Herr Lucifer Beware Beware. Out of the ash I rise with my red hair And I eat men like air. (Plath 246-247) Lady Lazarus after her psychic death became stronger than her creator: " Male- female antagonism ends with the woman defiantly asserting power over her body and releasing its energies for her own ends" (Bundtzen 233). While the outcome of the poem is positive, "Plath turns on herself, identifying with her oppressor, and sadistically punishes her body in the process of recreating it" (Bundtzen 237). Plath did not see the rebirth process as a pleasant experience, but one that is expected of her "I guess you could say I've got a call" (Plath 245). She, however, sees the benefits that come from her suffering and continues the process again and again. "Fever 103" is also about a women releasing herself from... ...poems what she thought she could not or did not achieve in life: the ability to do as she wanted, to be a mother and wife but not constricted into a domestic hell or to be pinned down by the oppressive society which did not accept her for being a poetess. She was able to "still speak from within her "deeper self" through her writing" (Kinsey-Clinton 1).    Works Cited Alvarez, A. Sylvia Plath : A Memoir. New York: Harper and Row, 1985. Bundtzen, Lynda K. Plath's Incarnations: Woman and the Creative Process. USA: University of Michigan, 1988. Kinsey-Clinton, Michelle. Once Upon a Time. (Online) Available http://www.sapphireblue.com/abyss404.html , August 17, 1998. Perloff, Marjorie. "Angst and Animism in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath". Journal Of Modern Literature. 1970: 57-74 . Plath Sylvia. The Collected Poems. New York: Harper Perennial, 1992.   

Closed Head Injury

Closed Head Injury Case Study Y. W. is a 23-year-old male student from Thailand studying electrical engineering at the university. He was ejected from a moving vehicle, which was traveling 70 mph. His injuries included a severe closed head injury with an occipital hematoma, bilateral wrist fractures, and a right pneumothorax. During his neurologic intensive care unit (NICU) stay, Y. W. was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation, had a feeding tube inserted and was placed on tube feedings, had a Foley catheter to down drain (DD), and had multiple IVs inserted. He developed pneumonia 1 month after admission.Closed Head Injuries: Closed head injuries result from a blow to the head as occurs, for example, in a car accident when the head strikes the windshield or dashboard. These injuries cause two types of brain damage. 1. Define the term primary head injury. A primary head injury (or primary impact) is also known as a â€Å"coup injury. † The injury occurs under the site of impact with an object such as a hammer or a rock. The brain strikes the skull after the head strikes the object of impact (Lewis, et al, Fig 57-14). This is the site of the direct impact of the brain on the skull.Often there is edema around the site of impact. 2. Define the term secondary head injury. The secondary head injury is also known as contrecoup injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was impacted. These injuries tend to be more severe and overall patient prognosis depends on the amount of bleeding around the contusion site (Lewis, et al, 1425). Often it is the secondary brain injuries that show few initial symptoms and then have serious side effects days to weeks later. 3. What is normal intracranial pressure (ICP), and why is increased ICP so clinically important?Normal intracranial pressure ranges from 5 to 15 mm Hg. A sustained pressure above the upper limit is considered abnormal. Pressure changes in the brain effect the brain’s compliance. Complianc e is the â€Å"expandability of the brain† With low compliance, small changes in volume occur and result in greater increases in pressure. Elevated intracranial pressure is clinically significant because â€Å"it diminishes CPP, increases risks of brain ischemia and infarction, and is associated with a poor prognosis† (Lewis, et al, p. 1425-1427). 4. Identify at least five signs and symptoms (S/S) of increased ICP. signs and symptoms of increased ICP are †¢Decreased LOC (level of consciousness) †¢Respiratory problems (maintaining a patent airway is critical in the patient with increased ICP. Pt is at increased risk of airway obstruction (Lewis, et al, p. 1434). †¢Elevated systolic BP due to ischemia and pressure on the brainstem. †¢Bradycardia due to the ischemia and pressure on the brainstem as well. †¢Pulmonary edema due to increased sympathetic activity as a result of increased intercranial pressure. 5. List 4 medication classifications that the ICU nurses could use to decrease or control increased ICP.Some of the medications that the ICU nurses could use to decrease or control increased ICP would be: †¢Opioids (morphine sulfate and fentanyl) †¢IV anesthetic sedative propofol (Diprivan) to manage anxiety and agitation. †¢Vecuronium (Norcuron), cisatracurium besylate (Nimbex): nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents: achieve complete ventilatory control in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension. (These agents paralyze muscles without blocking pain or noxious stimuli, therefore they are used in combination with sedatives, analgesics, or benzodiazepines (Lewis, p. 436)). †¢Dexmedetomidine (Precedex): alpha-2 agonist; used for continuous IV sedation of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU setting for up to 24 hours. †¢Benzodiazepines are usually avoided in the ICU in management of the patient with increased ICP because of the hypotensive effect and long hal f-life. (Lewis, et al, p. 1436). 6. List 8 nursing measures that the ICU nurses could use to decrease or control increased ICP. * Maintain the patient in the head-up position. Elevation of the head of the bed reduces sagittal sinus pressure, promotes drainage from the head via the valveless venous system through the jugular veins, and decreases the vascular congestion that can produce cerebral edema† (Lewis, et al, p. 1436) * Position the bed so that it lowers the ICP while optimizing the CPP; not above 30 degrees. * Turn the patient with slow, gentle movements. Rapid changes in position may increase ICP. * Avoid extreme hip flexion—this risks raising intra-abdominal pressure which increases ICP. Turn pt every 2 hrs (minimum). * Protect the patient with ICP from self-injury with adequate padding on the bed.Because of likelihood of decreased LOC, confusion, agitation, and the possibility of seizures increase the risk for injury. * Be prepared to explain situations to fam ily and caregivers and the patient. With increased ICP, anxiety is likely and the prognosis can be distressing. By providing short, simple explanations that are appropriate, it allows the patient and the caregiver to acquire the amount of information they desire (Lewis, p. 1438). * Decorticate or decerebrate posturing is a reflex response in some patients with increased ICP. The nurse can use turning, skin care, and even passive range of motion. Monitor fluid and electrolyte status. Disturbances can have an adverse effect on ICP. Closely monitor IV fluids with the use of an accurate intravenous infusion control device or pump; monitor intake and output and daily weights. (Lewis, et al, 1437) * Perform neurological assessments every hour. 7. Y. W. ’s medication list includes clindamycin 150 mg per feeding tube q6h, ranitidine (Zantac elixir) 150 mg per feeding tube bid, and phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg IV piggyback (IVPB) tid. Indicate the reasons for each. †¢Clindamycin 1 50 mg per feeding tube q6h: Treatment of respiratory tract infections; to treat Y.W. ’s pneumonia. (Skyscape, 2012). †¢Ranitidine (Zantac elixir) 150 mg per feeding tube BID: Used to treat and prevent stress ulcers (stress-induced GI bleeding in critically ill patients). Due to head injury, overstimulation of the vagus nerve from TBI. †¢Phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg IVPB TID: Used to treat and prevent tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial seizures. Seizure is seen in 5% of patients with a non-penetrating head injury (Lewis, et al, p. 1445). 8. A STAT portable chest x-ray (CXR) is ordered after each central venous catheter (CVC) is inserted.According to hospital protocol, no one is permitted to infuse anything through the catheter until the CXR has been read by the physician or radiologist. What is the purpose of the CXR, and why isn’t fluid infused through the catheter until after the CXR is read? The chest x-ray confirms the proper placement of the central venous catheter. If fluid is infused through the catheter before a CXR has confirmed placement, the patient is at high risk for systemic infection or possible pneumothorax (which would occur if the catheter were to be entered into the lung by mistake instead of the superior vena cava).CASE STUDY PROGRESS Y. W. spent 2 months in acute care and is now on your rehabilitation unit. He follows commands but tends to get agitated with too much stimulation. His tracheostomy site is well healed, and the pneumonia is finally resolving. He is still receiving supplemental tube feeding and has some continued incontinence of both bowel and bladder. Y. W. has a supportive group of friends who are students at the university; several of them are also from Thailand. 9. Y. W. ’s latest lab results are as follows: Na 149 mmol/L, K 4. mmol/L, Cl 119 mmol/L, total CO2 21 mmol/L, BUN 12 mg/dl, creatinine 1. 2 mg/dl, glucose 123 mg/dl, WBC 15. 4 thou/cmm, Hgb 14. 9 g/dl, Hct 36. 4%, platelets 140 t hou/cmm. Are any of these of concern to you, and what would you suggest to correct them? I am concerned about 3 of the labs. Sodium: high (increased); hypernatremia; high sodium levels cause neurologic problems including intense thirst, lethargy, agitation, seizures, postural hypotension, weakness, and decreased skin turgor. Chloride: High, increased; High chloride levels occur because of increased sodium levels.It is important to correct the sodium level so the chloride level can follow suit. Again, hypernatremia and the nurse must watch out for dysrhythmias, HTN, and impaired mental response. –> Correcting increased sodium would include: Hypotonic saline (via IV) and 5% dextrose in water (IV)- (Lewis, et al, p. 312) WBC count:15. 4 increased; this increased level indicates infection. This can be attributed to the patient’s diagnosis of Pneumonia. Administration of appropriate antibiotics will help bring the white count back to a normal level. 0. Are you surprised by Y. W. ’s agitated behavior? Explain. YM’s agitation is of no surprise. Patients that have head injuries often express agitation easily. Increased intracranial pressure and the head injury the patient has experienced can cause agitated behavior to arise. It is imperative for the nurse to use interventions to decrease the agitated behavior which can further lead to feelings of anxiety. Providing a calm and non-stimulating environment, free of stressors, is a good way to do this (Lewis, et al, p. 1438).Also, the nurse can elevate the bed 15-30 degrees with appropriate oxygenation applied. 11. Outline a general rehabilitation plan for Y. W. based on the above data. The rehab plan will include -physical therapy- working on gross motor skills, walking, sitting, transferring, and range of motion -occupational therapy- aids in completion of ADLs and learning of new techniques to complete these tasks of daily living -nutrition- proper nutrition to keep patient nourished and als o consuming enough vitamins/minerals/proteins to aide in healing. nursing staff- administer antibiotics, pain medications, and supportive care. -speech therapy- to evaluate and aide with swallowing, eating/drinking, and eventually verbal communication improvements. 12. Y. W. ’s mother has just arrived in the United States and speaks no English. What measures can be taken to facilitate communication between medical personnel and the mother? First and foremost the nurse should find out what language is the mother’s native language. Most people are unaware but it is not safe to assume there is one language that will apply to an entire country.Quite a few countries speak a language based on their village. The nurse will need to acquire an interpreter that will speak the language that best suits the mother. If the patient’s friends/classmates are around, they can also be used to aid in interpretation and communication between health care staff and family. 13. Y. W. à ¢â‚¬â„¢s mother will need a place to stay while in the United States. What can you do to facilitate the initial contact with the Thai community? Hopefully the other Thai students are around or could make a suggestion for the patient’s mother.I would also ask the social worker if they know of any thai-specific cultural centers in the area. I could check with the interpreter, and see if they have a lead. I would also google Thai community San Diego and see what I could find. 14. What special discharge planning considerations are there in this case? Discharge considerations for this patient will involve knowing where the patient is discharging to. The nurse will need to know if the patient is staying in the US and continuing with follow-up outpatient rehab with our facility and if not, then where will they be.The nurse and other members of the healthcare/rehab team need to educate the patient on his injury and what comes next for him in terms of rehabilitation. The nurse needs t o consider what modifications YM has made to his lifestyle post injury. Discharge planning should include an outpatient schedule for OT, PT and Speech (assuming he will stay here). Education for caregivers and family is also very important so that the patient has a support system available during the recovery and rehabilitation process.The patient will need to be sent home with any tools he will need for ADLs, with medications or supplements that are still necessary for recovery. If the patient is in need of special services or devices (i. e. wheelchair, ramps, vehicle to accommodate special devices, etc. ), a case manager should be sought out to ensure that these needs are met. References Lewis, et al, (2011). Medical-Surgical Nursing Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. 8th ed. Vol 1. St Louis, Missouri: Mosby. Skyscape. (2010). Skyscape Medical Resources (Version 1. 9. 11) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from http://itunes. apple. com/

Does Immigration Contribute to a Better America

Does Immigration Contribute to a Better America? Ever since this country was first discovered and settled, people from countries all over the world left their homelands and migrated to the â€Å"New World†. People from Spain, Germany, France, England and Asia traveled great distances to reach a new land of opportunity, to perhaps escape religious persecution or tyrant rulers. For centuries America has been viewed as a place for a fresh start, a place where anybody can come and begin a new life and follow their hopes and dreams. Even today people come to America for the exact same reasons that they did all those years before.However unlike the immigration of our ancestors, the immigrants of today aren’t able to just come here and do what they want without anybody noticing. Today most people view immigration as a problem to the United States. One of the most easily recognizable groups of today’s immigrants comes from Mexico. The Mexican immigrants often come here f or better economic and living opportunities than they had at home. But no matter how much these immigrants want to better their lives for themselves and their families, most Americans feel that they are trouble and a drain on our resources.Despite what many think, the Mexican immigrants are helping our nation. The immigrants take many low end jobs that Americans do not want or are over qualified for, they can also boost our economy with the money they earn from working, and they diversify the nation. Immigration does and will contribute to a better America. Most of the immigrants that come to America from Mexico are just looking for a better life for themselves and their families. The immigrants know that there are plenty of jobs in America for them and they are willing to risk being arrested just for a better opportunity.With all these people eager to work, you would think the immigrants would be more accepted by the American people. There are many jobs that most Americans simply w ill and do not want to take due to low pay and amount of work. But thanks to immigrants that would love to have the opportunity to work in our country these jobs are taken. With each immigrant that comes and gets a job, more money is spent within the American economy. The more money spent in the economy will eventually help it grow making us a more prosperous nation financially.The more money the immigrants spend in the US the more demand they cause for the people who make the goods they purchase. But the immigrants do not only help our country when they make money in the US, many send money home to their loved ones to help pay for things they need. Immigration does not only help the economy of the US, it also benefits the country that the immigrant comes from. According to Philippe Legrain, a journalist and economist, â€Å"migrants from poor countries working in rich ones send home much more – $200 billion a year officially,† (The Case for Immigration).With all this money coming and going from immigrants, it’s unbelievable that we look down on immigration. The people who make the immigration laws are blind to the fact that the migrants help our economy. Instead of trying to keep migrants out we should allow them easier access into our nation for work, and then when they are ready they should be allowed to leave. Once immigrants get into the US many become stuck and unable to go home because it is too risky. If we allowed them to move freely most would just come temporarily to get enough money for what they need back home.According to Legrain, â€Å"Most migrants do not want to leave home forever: they want to go work abroad for a while to earn enough to buy a house or set up a business back home. † (The Case for Immigration). Of course some of the migrants would want to stay, but there wouldn’t be an overwhelming number of them. The immigrants that do settle would not only contribute to our work force and economy, they will add diversity to our country. Having many people from all over the world is something that can be beneficial to any country. Many of America’s venture-capital backed start-ups have immigrant founders. Legrain) With introduction of new peoples come new ideas, cultural experiences, and skills that can all be used to benefit our country. High skilled people from other countries could help American companies develop new drugs, technologies, appliances and even new architectural ideas. † Twenty-one of Britain’s Nobel-prize winners arrived in the country as refugees. † (Legrain) The foreigners with new ideas could spark the next big American innovation with their different ways of thinking and perspective. Since they are new to our country they see differently than we do, and can have a completely different view on things.This cultural diversity can also transform little towns into cities with the new people inhabiting them. The immigrants could bring in their c ultures and help build our towns into culturally diverse cities that would maybe attract tourists and new residents. Although there are many benefits of immigration, many believe that the immigrants would take away from American workers and steal jobs. However this is not true, many immigrants cannot compete with American workers due to skill differences and jobs they are willing to do.Also, there aren’t a fixed number of jobs going around for everyone, and immigrant workers are not substitutes for American ones. These fallacies are really what deter many American people from lowering the immigration laws and allowing more immigrants into the country. If the people of our country knew the benefits of having more immigrants, the laws wouldn’t be so strict and more migrants would be allowed to come and work in our country. It is time that the government really recognizes the benefits of immigration to our country.More immigrants means more working people, more working pe ople means a lower unemployment rate and more money being spent in our country. The more money spent in the US means a better economy which is something that this country needs. We need to allow the immigrants into our country not only to help us, but to help them make money for themselves and their families. If America truly is an equal opportunity country, then we need to give all people the same opportunities. Sources: â€Å"Philippe Legrain. † The Case for Immigration :. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. http://www. philippelegrain. com/the-case-for-immigration/.